What is Chalazion?

A chalazion is a slowly developing bump or lump that pops out in our upper eyelids and less frequently in the lower eyelids. The good news is that such an eye lesion arising from blockage and swelling of the meibomian (oil) gland in the eyes is generally harmless. Chalazion is an eye bump that looks more or less like a stye. The treatment varies depending on the nature of the bump, whether it's a tarsal cyst or a fluid-filled swelling. Know the cause, as you can have two at the same time.

Causes & risk factors of Chalazion

Once you book an appointment with an eye specialist clinic like Vision Concern, the doctor will physically examine your eyelids and eyelashes, and a test of bright light magnification is done to monitor the size, location, and characteristics of a chalazion in your eyes.

1. Acne rosacea

If you have Acne rosacea ( a chronic skin condition), there is a more or less likely chance that you will get bumps around the eyes too. People with rosacea have bumps on the skin.People with rosacea are more prone to developing chalazia due to inflammation in their entire skin. The visible symptoms like redness, visible blood vessels, and bumps on the face, including around the eyes, can trigger the blockage of the oil glands. The studies have shown how rosacea is associated with an increased risk of chalazion, with an odds ratio of 2.50 (p<0.0005).The symptoms of chalazion experienced by people with acne rosacea are a painless, growing pump on the upper or lower eyelid. It tends to occur more frequently in people between the ages of 30 and 50.

2. Chronic blepharitis

Chronic blepharitis is one of the most prominent causes of chalazion. When there is chronic inflammation in the eyelids, like blepharitis in the eyes, it leads to redness, itching, and swelling, developing small to medium lumps on the eyes.When blepharitis becomes more chronic, the inflammation and dysfunction lead to blockages of the oil gland, resulting in the formation of this eyelid.

3. Seborrhea

For individuals with seborrhea, a dermatitis condition where there is overproduction of sebum (oil) from the skin’s oil gland, chalazion may result. In this condition, when sebum is in excess in your body, even the oil glands in your eyelids get clogged.

4. Tuberculosis

Chalazion is evident in the rare cases of tuberculosis, where the disease is more prominent and causes skin infection. In a study, it was proven that the tuberculosis infection led to the formation of a painless, firm eyelid nodule that resembled a chalazion clinically.

5. Viral infection

Certain viral infections, such as the molluscum contagiosum virus or the herpes simplex virus, can sometimes lead to the development of lesions on the eyes, also known as chalazion.

Symptoms of Chalazion

Common painless bump or lump over the eyelid, less frequently in the lower eyelid. It causes mild pain and irritation, and swollen eyelids can be seen as the fluid secreted by the meibomian gland gets thickened. Other common symptoms include,

• Blurred vision if the bump gets bigger and more serious
• Mild irritation associated with obstructed meibomian gland
• Unusual tearing of the eyes and discomfort associated with the same
• Few chances distort vision based on chalazion

Post-surgery risks associated with chalazion treatment

Surgery is the last option to prevent the growth of lesions in our eyes, but is the challenging surgery considered effective? Well, the chalazion condition is healed up to 95% through surgery if none of the other alternatives work.However, it's our eyes, and any incisions and surgical procedures can be concerning as the eyes are delicate parts of the body. Here are some risks and side effects that can result from chalazion treatment surgery.

• Bruising
• Bleeding
• Infection
• Recurrence of the chalazion
• Potential damage to the glands responsible for maintaining tear film
• Anesthesia-related risks such as nausea, sore throat, and other side effects
• Redness and swelling that do not subside
• Yellow or thick discharge (some light, bloody discharge is normal)
• Increased pain or pain that does not improve with over-the-counter medications
• Vision problems other than temporary blurriness
• Fever higher than 101°F (38°C)

Most Chalazion causes no problems but in rare cases, when it gets infected, the whole eyelid becomes swollen and red.

Chalazion Treatment Options: Alternatives of Surgery

Warm compress you can apply a clean cloth to the affected eyelid undereye, coat it with hardened oil, and leave it for 10-15 minutes, 4-6 times per day.

1. Conservative treatments

The gentle massages over the external eyelid for several minutes each day promote drainage. You can apply a warm compress to heal the chalazion without the need for surgery.

2. Over-the-counter treatments

Medical therapy suggests that one with a chalazion diagnosis should take mild topical steroids to reduce inflammation and eye hygiene is a crucial factor for speedy recovery. Certain ointments, solutions, and medicated eye pads can also heal the eye condition.

3. Antibiotics

Antibiotics like erythromycin, bacitracin, doxycycline, and azithromycin are shown to prevent infections that can cause styes and chalazion.

4. Steroid injection

If the chalazion does not go away within a month, a doctor may recommend a steroid injection to reduce inflammation and swelling for chalazion treatment.For large or persistent chalazia that do not respond to home remedies, a doctor may recommend one or two procedures, like incision drainage, and injection treatment with medicine like 5-fluorouracil. It is surely an alternative to surgery but before proceeding with it, we need to be aware of some potential risks:

• Skin necrosis (death of skin cells)
• Fat atrophy (loss of fat under the skin)
• Embolic visual loss (vision problems due to blocked blood vessels)
• Incomplete resolution when surgical removal becomes necessary
• Skin discoloration (lighter or darker patches)

Chalazion Surgery: How Does It Cost?

Chalazion surgery is a minor treatment procedure to remove a persistent or large chalazion in your guys. Normally, this swollen bump on the eyelid is small and can get bigger if the oil glands in the eyes remain blocked for a longer time or get infected.The chalazion surgery is usually recommended when home remedies like warm compresses fail to serve a purpose. These surgeries are taken when the chalazion gets large, hinders vision, and does not go independently even after a month or two of showing the first symptom. It lasts for a few days to a few weeks in normal conditions.The cost of chalazion surgery in Nepal can range from Rs 35,000 to Rs 45,000. Again, it can depend on various factors, which include:

• State in which surgery takes place
• The medical facility where the surgery is conducted
• Skills and expertise of doctors who perform the surgery
• Based on insurance coverage
• Diagnostic tests like an OCT scan may be required, which can add to the overall cost
• Initial consultation charge of ophthalmologist
• Cost of the outpatient surgical facility

The common medications prescribed after chalazion surgery are antibiotics, steroid drops or ointments, pain relief medication like paracetamol, and lubricating eye drops. The surgical removal of chalazion has potential risks like bleeding, infection, or reappearing, so eye doctors treat it more effectively.

Differences between Stye Removal and Chalazion Surgery

Basis	Chalazion surgery	Stye Removal
Cause	Blocked oil gland (meibomian gland)	Bacterial infection of eyelash follicle or oil gland
Pain	Usually not painful, but can cause discomfort	Usually more painful, especially when touched
Location	Can appear anywhere around your eyelid	It occurs at the edge of the eyelid, both inside and outside
Development	Develop slowly	Develop overnight or within a few days
Treatment (before surgery )	Warm compresses, eyelid massage, and steroid injections (in some cases)	Warm compress, eyelid scrubs, and topical antibiotics
Surgical Procedure	Involve incise, curettage, or removal of entire gland	Simple incision to drain pus
Recovery time	Slower (may take a week or two)	Quicker (usually within a few days)

Are there complications associated with chalazion?

Yes, some complications come with the chalazion treatment surgery. If they happen to be larger, they press on the surface of the eye (cornea), leading to a burning sensation and irritation of the eyes. Other than that, the complications associated with it can be sensitive skin discoloration, and others, so know the risks and choose a specialist like Vision Concern Clinic for your eye care services.Medications may reduce the ache and pain, but chances of a high temperature (fever) are seen. Chances are that you have increased proximity to orbital cellulitis. There is an emergency department in the hospital.